English National Curriculum - Science
Mission Objectives
Describe the internal structure of the Earth
Compare the three types of seismic waves (P, S, L), including speed and type of wave
Explain how the internal structure of the Earth can be determined by waves passing through it
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Words and meanings to learn
seismometer
an instrument that detects and records seismic waves caused by earthquakes or other ground vibrations
seismic wave
a wave of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the Earth or an explosion
focus
the point inside the Earth where an earthquake starts, where the rocks first break and seismic waves are generated
refraction
bending of a wave as it passes from one material into another, due to a change in its speed
epicentre
the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus (the origin) of an earthquake
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Samantha is an accomplished science educator with over 15 years of leadership experience and a strong background in scientific analysis. She has a proven record of leading departments effectively, improving practice, and working collaboratively with stakeholders.
In her current work, Samantha embeds evidence-informed pedagogical principles such as retrieval practice, clear modelling, and effective sequencing to support high-quality curriculum design and professional development. She draws on assessment insight and common misconceptions to help teachers secure strong student understanding.
She is a former Head of Chemistry and Sixth Form Tutor at Ilkley Grammar School, with extensive Key Stage 4 and 5 experience, and an AQA examiner, giving her valuable insight into assessment standards and exam requirements.
In her spare time, Samantha enjoys playing the accordion with her local orchestra and has recently taken up cricket.
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